CHIANG MAI — 29 March 2026, Air pollution from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is contributing to a rise in ear, nose and throat (ENT) conditions, with doctors warning of increased irritation, infections and worsening symptoms among vulnerable groups.
Health Impacts
In Thailand, particularly in the northern region during February and March, PM2.5 levels tend to rise significantly. Exposure through the nose can inflame the nasal lining, leading to symptoms such as itching, burning sensations, sneezing, runny nose and even nosebleeds. Higher pollution levels have also been associated with increased cases of upper respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, postnasal inflammation and bronchitis.
Beyond the respiratory system, pollution has been linked to eye irritation, risks to fetal development, delayed brain development in children, and increased likelihood of stroke, lung cancer and cognitive decline in older adults.
Patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines may experience increased nasal congestion, which can interfere with treatment. They are adviced to clean and replace the air filters regularly.
Prevention and Care
Health officials recommend monitoring air quality updates, wearing protective masks such as N95 respirators, avoiding outdoor activities, using air purifiers indoors and maintaining overall health. They also recommend saline nasal irrigation to remove allergens, though they caution against forceful blowing to prevent bleeding.
For first aid in cases of nosebleeds, individuals are advised to pinch the soft part of the nose and lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat. Pressure should be maintained for five to 10 minutes. If bleeding persists, is heavy, or is accompanied by dizziness or palpitations, medical attention should be sought immediately.
