KUALA LUMPUR — A British citizen was among five suspects arrested in Malaysia on suspicion of being involved with terrorist groups, the national police chief said Sunday.

Inspector General Khalid Abu Bakar said the British suspect was arrested in central Kuala Lumpur last month, and has already been deported.

"He has links with al-Qaeda," Khalid said." He fought in Afghanistan and Bosnia."

The police chief said the suspect was a part-time teacher in the northern state of Penang. He did not say when the man first arrived in Malaysia.

The four other suspects arrested in the sweep over the past two weeks were a Nigerian national, a Bangladeshi man, an Indonesia national and a Malaysian man. The four were believed to have ties with Islamic State militants.

The Home Affairs ministry said nearly 100 Malaysians have gone to Syria and Iraq to fight with IS.

YANGON — Since colonial days, Myanmar’s poets have put pen to paper to express the mood of the people, describing their trials and tribulations through verse as the country endured one political upheaval after another.

From Thakhin Ko Daw Hmaing, whose prose inspired pro-independence leaders when the country was under British rule, to Min Ko Naing, a prominent activist who emerged from the 1988 student protests, poets have long been central to dissident causes, whether opposing colonial overlords or military dictators.

Now, the time has come for poets to go from writing verse to drafting laws.

The opposition National League for Democracy, or NLD, won a landslide victory in Myanmar’s historic elections Nov. 8 and among its 800-odd lawmakers in the new national and state and regional parliaments are 11 well-known bards.

Instead of working with words and feelings, and turning out heart-rending prose, they will be faced with more mundane tasks such as familiarizing themselves with tax legislation and state and regional budgets.

It remains to be seen how these poets, who honed their craft vividly describing the struggles of ordinary people under the junta, will acclimatise to their new role as politicians when they take their seats in parliament on Jan. 31.

Accidental Parliamentarians

Than Aung, whose pen name is Ani Htet, has reservations about his new job.

He won a Lower House seat to represent Ngaputaw Township in Ayeyarwaddy Region, but told Myanmar Now he enjoys being a village schoolteacher and a writer. But the state of the country and the needs of the people drove him into politics, he said.

“I never dreamt of becoming a member of parliament. I had always thought I was going to spend my life as a simple teacher and poet,” he said in a telephone interview.

Analysts and losing candidates from the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party, or USDP, have raised questions over the ability of poets to become good parliamentarians.

USDP lawmaker Hla Swe, who lost his Upper House seat to an NLD candidate in Sagaing Region, believes it would take time for poets, with their artistic temperaments, to get used to parliamentary processes such as time limits in tabling motions, he said.

“They would have to try hard. Their mother has threatened to punish them if they don’t. It’s their mother’s responsibility if they don’t try,” he said, referring to party leader Aung San Suu Kyi, often called Amay (Mother) Suu by party members.

Perhaps the most famous example of a dissident writer and poet turned politician was Václav Havel, who was president of the Czech Republic for a decade after the Velvet Revolution toppled Communism in 1989.

Ani Htet said he has already started preparing for life in parliament, studying laws and planning on tabling motions to amend some and enact new ones. First, he said, he wants to tackle laws on education and media.

“It’s not easy to be a representative in parliament. I’m trying my best to study and prepare myself so what I do there will benefit the country,” he said.   

A Multi-Hyphenated Poet

The NLD’s Kyaw Zin Lin beat Thar Aye, incumbent chief minister of Sagaing Region, for a regional parliamentary seat in Butalin Township. Better known by his nom de plume Zay Linn Mg, the 33-year-old lyricist is also a medical doctor.

“I would actually prefer being a political activist rather than a formal parliamentarian because you have the freedom to say what you want. Now I’ll have to be faithful to the party’s policies,” he said of his new job.

Although slightly chafing at the thought of having to give up his freedoms, he also said he’s ready to take on the new role and already has his eyes on reforming the complex bureaucratic mechanism within the regional parliament so that it becomes more democratic.

One of his political dreams, he said, was to get the officials of the powerful General Administrative Department democratically elected, since they play a key role in the country’s wider administrative mechanism down to the township level.

Currently, the department is under the Ministry of Home Affairs which, according to the 2008 Constitution, is headed by a military general and controlled by the army chief.  

“Only the village and ward-level officials are directly elected by the people, but the regional and township level administrative officials are directly appointed by the Ministry of Home Affairs. So we need to change that for better governance,” he said.

Great Expectations

Myanmar’s poets have long portrayed the destitute and downtrodden through their art, and have a good sense of the needs of the people, said female writer Thwe Sagaing, voicing support for her fellow artists.

“The poets have always stood with the oppressed. So we are confident that they will be able to work for the public,” she said.

Mi Chan Wai, another writer, said the poets-turned-MPs are creative thinkers who will be able to bring new ideas and concepts to otherwise dull parliamentary procedures.

“I believe that we will be able to fulfil these expectations as we poets have always fought for the truth,” said Tint Lwin, elected as a lawmaker for the Yangon Region parliament for the NLD.

The writer, who writes under the name Maung Lwin Mon (Kathar), used to make a living working for a state-owned bank, but lost his job for joining demonstrators in the 1988 uprising against military rule.

He continued to be involved in politics and was later jailed for his dissident activities.

In a poem celebrating Aung San Suu Kyi’s 66th birthday, which fell a few months after the November 2010 elections and her release from house arrest, he called her “mother” and compared her to a rose.

“Because of your teachings, us, your sons and daughters, who are easily afraid and bereft of reasoning, are now full of strength and bravery,” he wrote.

“We have chosen to be poets and MPs at the same time, we hope we can find the right balance between these two modes of life,” he told Myanmar Now.

Story: Phyo Thiha Cho and Kay Zon Nway

WASHINGTON — The FBI is investigating a shooting that left 14 people dead and 21 wounded in San Bernardino, California, as an act of terrorism, it said Friday.

"As of today, based on information and the facts as we know them, we are now investigating these horrific acts as an act of terrorism," FBI Assistant Director David Bowdich said.

A "number of pieces of evidence" prompted the FBI to shift the focus of its investigation, he said, but that it remained unclear whether the suspects in the attack were directed or inspired by a terrorist group like Islamic State or al-Qaeda.

He pointed to the planning of the attack and attempts to destroy digital evidence, including the destruction of two mobile phones, but would not provide further details about what evidence pointed to terrorism.

FBI Director James Comey said however that there was no evidence that the alleged attackers, Tashfeen Malik, 29, and Syed Rizwan Farook, 28, were part of an organized terrorist group or cell.

"The investigation so far has developed evidence of radicalism by the killers and the potential for inspiration from a foreign terrorist organization," Comey said.

There was also no evidence the attackers had had meaningful contact with any individuals already being investigated by the FBI, he said.

Malik, the wife in the husband-wife pair suspected in the mass killing, had pledged allegiance to Islamic State in a Facebook post shortly before or during the attack, the FBI confirmed.

US broadcasters earlier reported that Malik posted the pledge under an alias and later deleted it.

Lawyers for the Farook family said the FBI had not found "any clear smoking gun" that the suspects were involved in terrorism and questioned allegations based on Facebook posts.

None of the family members had any idea that the attack was going to happen, lawyer David Chesley said.

Pakistani intelligence sources told dpa that Malik had had contact in the past with radical Islamic cleric, Maulana Abdul Aziz, at Islamabad's Red Mosque. A mosque spokesman said he could not confirm whether they had met.

Malik, and her husband, Farook, are accused of carrying out the attack on his colleagues in the county health department.

The couple were killed in a shootout with police hours after the massacre at a conference centre in the city east of Los Angeles.

The FBI is investigating the couple's digital and telephone communications and whether they may have been planning additional attacks with the large arsenal found in their apartment and car.

Farook, a US citizen, had spent time in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, and his international contacts are now under investigation, Bowdich said earlier.

Farook returned to the United States from Saudi Arabia in July 2014 with Malik, who entered the country with a Pakistani passport on a K1 visa, available to fiancees of US citizens. The two later married.

The couple left their 6-month-old daughter with relatives prior to the attack under the pretense of going to a medical appointment, according to media reports.

Javier Lesaca, a terrorism expert at George Washington University, told dpa the attack would fit with Islamic State efforts to use social media and the internet to inspire so-called lone wolf terrorists to commit attacks abroad.

"They don't need a big structure just need to convince a few people around the world to be able to create a problem of global security," he said.

Officials had earlier said the motive in the attack was unclear, and US President Barack Obama said it could have been terrorism or workplace violence.

White House spokesman Josh Earnest earlier Friday wouldn't comment on details of the ongoing investigation and said it was too soon to draw conclusions about the attackers' motive.

Wearing black tactical gear but no body armour, the two assailants fired 65 to 75 rounds from "assault-style" rifles and left a bag containing three pipe bombs rigged to a remote-controlled toy car, which did not detonate, police said.

The search of the suspects' house, about 5 kilometres from the site of the shooting, uncovered about 5,000 rounds of ammunition and 12 pipe bombs, plus additional bomb-making material and tools, police said.

The San Bernardino massacre is the second major US mass shooting in less than a week. On November 27, a gunman killed three people and injured nine at a family planning clinic in Colorado.

Story: DPA / Anne K. Walters